Dog Dermoid Sinus Symptoms and Treatments

Dog Dermoid Sinus, also known as pilonidal cyst sinus is a cyst-like structure that lies below the skin along the back and is sometimes connected to the spine. A genetically autosomal skin condition in dogs that shares similar condition in humans, the appearance of dermoid sinus in dogs and cats are rare and can appear as single or multiple lumps on the dorsal midline.

The sinus is caused in the embryonic stage of development. In normal development, the neural tube from which the spine develops separates from the skin. In the case of a dog dermoid sinus, this separation has not fully taken place. The result is that in some cases, the dermoid sinus remains connected to the dog’s spinal cord; in other cases, the sinus terminates in a "blind sac" that is less dangerous to remove.

Histologically, the dermoid sinus contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. If the sinus becomes infected, it can result in meningitis and myelitis, symptoms of which are spinal pain, rigidity, and fever. In serious cases, the condition can be life threatening.

The dermoid sinus gene in dog is believed by some to be recessive, meaning that the animal must receive one defective gene from each parent in order to develop the condition. Where one parent carries the gene and the other does not, the offspring remain carriers and can continue to pass the defective gene on to their offspring in turn.

Others believe that the dog dermoid sinus condition is more appropriately characterized as polygenic, involving multiple genes. In any case, because of the genetic nature of this potentially dangerous condition, most breeders and veterinarians advise against breeding animals that have a dermoid sinus, or have a parent that is known to carry the gene.

Studies and researches have shown that the problem can be reduced with the use of folic acid in the bitch by administration a week before mating and continuing through the first trimester of pregnancy. It is not a harmful product and is readily available at a minimal cost from the local pharmacist.

Surgery is also a popular remedy, with veterinary surgeons removing abnormal tissue and closing any connections to the spine, although in some cases, regrowth of the sinus occurs. A variety of tests, such as a myelogram or a fistulogram may be undertaken to determine how deep the sinus goes. Other, more basic tests, such as a complete blood count, biochemical profile, and urinalysis can be performed to determine if infection or other problems exist. Computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging may be undertaken to determine if neurological signs exist as a result of the sinus.

Dog breeds known to be affected by canine dermoid sinus include the Rhodesian Ridgeback, in which it is hereditary, Kerry Blue Terriers, Shih Tzus and Boxers.

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